How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is a condition that affects children however, it can affect adults. If diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can lead a happier life.
An evaluation for ADHD might include interviewing the person and family members. The specialist might review the school records from the past to determine whether the symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that impacts school, work, and home life. Everyone has difficulty concentrating and staying organized at times. A person must exhibit major symptoms in two of these areas, and they must be able to significantly impact the daily functioning of the person to be diagnosed with ADHD. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis doctors will talk to the patient about their symptoms and inquire about their family history and medical problems. They may also employ rating systems to measure symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are often based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They include questions about symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and the tendency to be impulsive.
For adults, doctors might request a conversation with someone else in the family or who know the patient. This isn't meant to challenge honesty, but to gain more insight into a person's behavior that can't be gathered from an interview. They could inquire about childhood behavior and refer to old school records to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will conduct an examination and tests in the lab to rule out any other health conditions, such as thyroid problems or head injuries which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the person's list of medications. Certain medications for depression, high blood pressure and other ailments can interact with stimulants, so the doctor will consider these when suggesting treatments. It is essential that adults talk to their primary health care providers when they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must occur in at least two or more environments (like school, home, and work) and significantly interfere with functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and can't be caused by another disorder like depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional or doctor will employ a variety tools during the assessment, including ADHD symptoms checklists, standardized behavior rating scales and a thorough history. They may interview family members and friends to find out how the patient's symptoms have affected them. They'll ask if the symptoms are similar to those of other psychiatric disorders or physical conditions.
Evaluators will take into account whether symptoms are mild moderate, severe or even mild. They will also look at the person's medical history as well as family history to ensure there isn't any underlying cause for their issues such as thyroid issues or head injuries, or medications.
In certain instances the examiner may decide to conduct a cognitive test or ask the person to take an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, such as learning disabilities. People suffering from these disorders tend to show different symptoms than those who don't have them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, while girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
Some people with ADHD would like to participate in a clinical study to test new treatments. This is an excellent opportunity to further research. However, participants should be aware that the primary goal of these studies is scientific knowledge, not a guarantee of treatment. For more information on clinical trials, check out NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect they have ADHD It is essential to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Make sure to check with your health insurance provider to see whether ADHD specialists are covered, and seek out referrals from family doctors or other health professionals. Word-of mouth recommendations are also an option.
A doctor will talk to the patient -or their parents in children's cases -- about the symptoms. She might use checklists with standardized criteria or ADHD symptoms, and may also ask other people in the patient's life for details like their spouses and families. Personal experience often reveals more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
Experts will also review any old school records particularly old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the history of a person and, in order to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must be present since childhood (technically prior to age 12).
A physical exam is also often performed. It is a way to identify any other medical conditions that may be responsible for the symptoms, such as seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological examination is often carried out by an expert to test motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, which are designed to assess intelligence and ability, might be used as well. In addition one could be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. This can help an expert determine whether a person is hyperactive or inattentive. The specialist will determine the treatment plan and provide an assessment. Treatment plans typically consist of therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, can teach adults and children healthy coping strategies and alter unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary doctor or a mental health professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication, but it's not the only option to treat the condition. Adults, teens and children can also benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or a combination of both. These therapies aid them in coping and live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education on ADHD and how to manage it, may be included. They can also involve teachers, parents and other professionals.
It's important to find a health care provider or mental health professional with previous experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people with ADHD for recommendations or a mental healthcare provider you've met. You can also do an internet search. It is essential to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance.
The doctor will ask you or your child about symptoms and issues caused by ADHD. They will conduct a physical exam and check for other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will go over the medical and family history of your child or you, as well as school documents and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is primarily designed to diagnose children is more difficult time diagnosing ADHD in adults. Your health care provider may interview you or your children about the symptoms and have other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. Medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants, such as methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine and nonstimulants such as atomoxetine or certain antidepressants. They work by boosting levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders such as anxiety or depression. adhd diagnostic should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavior therapy, which teaches skills like managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
In addition, therapists can assist patients in managing their symptoms through lifestyle modifications. Regular exercise can help decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial as well. People with ADHD tend eat more sugar and fat, and less fruit and vegetables. Making social and family relationships a priority can reduce stress and help people feel more in control of their lives.
Another big benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it can give children and adults a clearer comprehension of their issues. For example, a child who has ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her needs to peers and teachers however, once a teacher understands that it's not personal or due to laziness accommodations can be implemented.
A professional who conducts an ADHD assessment will ask questions specific to the individual's age, ask questions of teachers and family members as well as review medical records and look for comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms first started before age school records could be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is usually included, and the doctor will likely check for vision and hearing problems. He or she will also do tests on the blood to look for certain hormones and other health issues that could cause ADHD-like symptoms.
